Fractures — Classification, Healing, and Principles of Management

Topics covered

1. 01Definition and classification of fractures — closed, open, complete, incomplete
2. 02Describing a fracture — site, pattern, displacement, angulation
3. 03Stages of fracture healing — haematoma, callus, remodelling
4. 04Factors affecting fracture union — local and systemic
5. 05Principles of fracture management — reduction, retention, rehabilitation
6. 06Methods of immobilisation — casts, splints, traction
7. 07Open fractures — Gustilo-Anderson classification and management
8. 08Complications of fractures — early and late
9. 09Delayed union, non-union, and mal-union
10. 10Pathological fractures — causes and approach